Computer History 1974
Researchers at the Xerox Palo Alto
Research Center designed the Alto — the first work station with a
built-in mouse for input. The Alto stored several files simultaneously
in windows, offered menus and icons, and could link to a local area
network. Although Xerox never sold the Alto commercially, it gave a
number of them to universities. Engineers later incorporated its
features into work stations and personal computers.Tag :
Computer History,
Intel,
Computer History 1973
The TV Typewriter, designed by Don
Lancaster, provided the first display of alphanumeric information on an
ordinary television set. It used $120 worth of electronics components,
as outlined in the September 1973 issue of Radio Electronics. The
original design included two memory boards and could generate and store
512 characters as 16 lines of 32 characters. A 90-minute cassette tape
provided supplementary storage for about 100 pages of text.Tag :
Computer History,
Intel,
Computer History 1972
Hewlett-Packard announced the HP-35 as "a fast, extremely accurate electronic slide rule"
with a solid-state memory similar to that of a computer. The HP-35
distinguished itself from its competitors by its ability to perform a
broad variety of logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to store more
intermediate solutions for later use, and to accept and display entries
in a form similar to standard scientific notation.
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Computer History,
Computer History 1971
The Kenbak-1, the first personal
computer, advertised for $750 in Scientific American. Designed by John
V. Blankenbaker using standard medium-scale and small-scale integrated
circuits, the Kenbak-1 relied on switches for input and lights for
output from its 256-byte memory. In 1973, after selling only 40
machines, Kenbak Corp. closed its doors.
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Others,
Computer History 1968
Data General Corp., started by a group of
engineers that had left Digital Equipment Corp., introduced the Nova,
with 32 kilobytes of memory, for $8,000.In the photograph, Ed deCastro, president and founder of Data General, sits with a Nova minicomputer. The simple architecture of the Nova instruction set inspired Steve Wozniak´s Apple I board eight years later.
Tag :
Computer History,
Computer History 1966
The
Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency contracted with
the University of Illinois to build a large parallel processing
computer, the ILLIAC IV, which did not operate until 1972 at NASA´s Ames
Research Center. The first large-scale array computer, the ILLIAC IV
achieved a computation speed of 200 million instructions per second,
about 300 million operations per second, and 1 billion bits per second
of I/O transfer via a unique combination of parallel architecture and
the overlapping or "pipe-lining" structure of its 64 processing
elements.This photograph shows one of the ILLIAC´s 13 Burroughs disks, the debugging computer, the central unit, and the processing unit cabinet with a processing element.
Computer History 1965
Digital
Equipment Corp. introduced the PDP-8, the first commercially successful
minicomputer. The PDP-8 sold for $18,000, one-fifth the price of a
small IBM 360 mainframe. The speed, small size, and reasonable cost
enabled the PDP-8 to go into thousands of manufacturing plants, small
businesses, and scientific laboratories.
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Computer History,
IBM,
Computer History 1964
IBM
announced the System/360, a family of six mutually compatible computers
and 40 peripherals that could work together. The initial investment of
$5 billion was quickly returned as orders for the system climbed to
1,000 per month within two years. At the time IBM released the
System/360, the company was making a transition from discrete
transistors to integrated circuits, and its major source of revenue
moved from punched-card equipment to electronic computer systems.
Computer History 1962
The LINC (Laboratory Instrumentation
Computer) offered the first real time laboratory data processing.
Designed by Wesley Clark at Lincoln Laboratories, Digital Equipment
Corp. later commercialized it as the LINC-8.Research faculty came to a workshop at MIT to build their own machines, most of which they used in biomedical studies. DEC supplied components.
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Computer History,
Computer History 1961
According to Datamation magazine, IBM had
an 81.2-percent share of the computer market in 1961, the year in which
it introduced the 1400 Series. The 1401 mainframe, the first in the
series, replaced the vacuum tube with smaller, more reliable transistors
and used a magnetic core memory.Demand called for more than 12,000 of the 1401 computers, and the machine´s success made a strong case for using general-purpose computers rather than specialized systems.
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Computer History,
IBM,
Computer History 1960
The precursor to the minicomputer, DEC´s
PDP-1 sold for $120,000. One of 50 built, the average PDP-1 included
with a cathode ray tube graphic display, needed no air conditioning and
required only one operator. It´s large scope intrigued early hackers at
MIT, who wrote the first computerized video game, SpaceWar!, for it.
The SpaceWar! creators then used the game as a standard demonstration on
all 50 computers.
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Computer History,
Computer History 1959
IBM´s
7000 series mainframes were the company´s first transistorized
computers. At the top of the line of computers — all of which emerged
significantly faster and more dependable than vacuum tube machines — sat
the 7030, also known as the "Stretch." Nine of the computers, which
featured a 64-bit word and other innovations, were sold to national
laboratories and other scientific users. L. R. Johnson first used the
term "architecture" in describing the Stretch.
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Computer History,
IBM,